Vortigern

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Historical Records

Performance Records

Playlists in Philip Henslowe's diary

Fol. 25^v (Greg, I. 50)

ye 4 of desembʒ 1596	ne ……….	Res at valteger	……….	ls
ye 8 of desembʒ 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xxxvs
ye 16 of desembʒ 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xxxvs
ye 21 of desembʒ 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xxvs
ye 24 of desembʒ 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xijs
ye 3[0]9 of desembʒ 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xxijs
ye 1 of Jenewary 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xxxxvs
ye [7]8 of Janewary 1596	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xijs
ye 21 of Janewary 1597	……….	Res at valteger	……….	xijss

Fol. 26 (Greg, I. 51)

Under the heading, "Jn the name of god amen begininge the 25 of novembʒ 1596 as foloweth the lord admerall players":

ffebreary
1597
		|5|		ne..		tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . .		01|09|05-13-09
begynyng in leant
march 1597
		|12|				tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . .		00|18|09-01-04
Easter mvnday		|28|
twesday		|29|
wensday		|30|
mr pd		|31|
Aprelle 1597
		|2|				tt at valteger. . . . . . . . .		00|04|01-01-00

Payments

Miscellaneous expenses in Philip Henslowe's diary

Fol. 22^v (Greg, I. 44).

lente vnto my lord admerall players at several

tymes in Redey money as foloweth 1596

lent vnto Jeames donstall for to by thinges for the	}
playe of valteger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	} vli

lent vnto marten slater to by coper lace & frenge for	}
the playe of valteger the 2[9]8 of november 1596 . . .	}xxxxs

lent vnto marten slater the 29 of november 1596 to by for the play	}
of valteger lace & other things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	} xxvs

Purchase of the play from Edward Alleyn in Philip Henslowe's diary

Fol. 95 (Greg, I. 151)

pd at the apoyntment of the company uvto	}
my sonne E Alleyn for a Boocke called [m]vorti[m]ger	} xxxxs
the 20 of november <the> 1601 the some of . . . . . . . . . .	}

Inventories

Philip Henslowe's papers in the Dulwich College Library

List of apparel

Under the heading, The Enventary of all the aparell for my Lord Admiralles men, taken the 10 of march 1598.— Leaft above in the tier-house in the cheast (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 116, l. 51).

Item, j payer of hosse, & a gercken for Valteger.

Under the heading, The Enventorey of all the aparell of the Lord Admeralles men, taken the 13^th of Marche 1598, as followeth: (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 119, ll. 106, 121)

Item, Vartemar sewtte.

Item, Valteger robe of rich tafitie.

Theatrical Provenance

"Valteger" was performed by the Admiral's players at the Rose, 1596-7. It was given thirteen performances and returned receipts of 23s. to Henslowe on average. If the play called "henges" by Henslowe is a fourteenth performance of "Valteger," the play returned an additional sum (additional sum uncertain because of Henslowe's opaque accounting system in June 1597). The play was probably revived at the Fortune shortly after November 1601, at which time the company purchased the script from Edward Alleyn.

Image by Robert Vermaat, from Lambeth Palace Library MS6, folio 43^v (Vortigern Studies)

Probable Genre(s)

History (Harbage)

Possible Narrative and Dramatic Sources or Analogues

The website, Vortigern Studies (Vermaat), provides a substantial amount of information about Vortigern and his times.

References to the Play

Information welcome.

Critical Commentary

Malone makes no comment on Henslowe's "henges" on 22 June (p. 299). Collier notes the absence of "ne" and considers that it might be "an old play ... [with] a new name"; he suggests that name might be "Hengist" (p. 89, n. 1).
Fleay, BCED linked the name, "Henges," to a much later play by Thomas Middleton, The Mayor of Quinborough, which he suggests is "an alteration" of the Admiral's play; Fleay further makes the connection of "Henges" with "the "Vortiger" of 1596" (2.#43, p. 104).
Greg II considered "Vortigern" to be the "henges" on 22 June 1597, but he was dubious about its having a connection to the much later play, Hengist King of Kent by Thomas Middleton (#95, p. 181).

Gurr sees no reason to connect "Vortigern" with Middleton's play "unless Middleton chose to rewrite this older play in about 1615 for the King's Men" (223n).

White considers "Vortigern" an "'Arthurian play' because Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, figures significantly in all versions of the title character's career" (151). White associates "Vortigern" with "Uther Pendragon" as a narrative and theatrical serial. In the story, Vortigern is vanquished by Uther Pendragon and his brother (Aurelius), who thus reclaim their father's throne. On stage, the plays are sequenced as follows: "Vortigern" retires on 2 May 1597, "Uther Pendragon" debuts on 29 May, and "Vortigern" reappears (as "henges") on 22 June, on the heels of Henslowe's last recorded performance of "Uther Pendragon" on 13 June.

Wiggins, Catalogue explores the possibility that the "Fierdrackes sewtes for Dobe" (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 114) were for "Vortigern" (#1048).

For What It's Worth

The entry of "henges," regularized to "Hengist" by Greg II (#109, p. 185) and Foakes (p. 341), is taken to be yet another performance of "Vortigern." White agrees (p. 152).

Fol. 27 (Greg, 1. 53)

midsomer
daye
		|22|		tt at henges. . . . . . . . . .		00|06|00-11-06

The item, "Vartemar sewtte," in Henslowe's inventory for 13 March 1598 has been read as "Valteger's suit" (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art.1, p. 119, l. 106), though it may have belonged to Vortigern's son Vortimer, if he had a role in the play.

Works Cited

Gurr, Andrew. Shakespeare’s Opposites: The Admiral’s Company 1594-1625. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Vermat, Robert, Webmaster. Vortigern Studies (Web)

White, Paul Whitfield. "The Admiral's Lost Arthurian Plays," in David McInnis and Matthew Steggle, ed. Lost Plays in Shakespeare's England. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014. 148-62.

Site created and maintained by Roslyn L. Knutson, Professor Emerita, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; created 2 March 2013; updated, 6 December 2019.