Vortigern: Difference between revisions

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[[image:artwhogroot.gif|link=http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artwho/artwho.htm|right|frame|<small>Image by Robert Vermaat, from Lambeth Palace Library MS6, folio 43<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artwho/artwho.htm Vortigern Studies])</small>]]
{{Play
[[Anon.]] ([[1596]])
|dramatists=Anon. Play Titles A
 
|year=1596
|venue=Rose
|company=Admiral's
|probableGenres=History
|documentarySources=Performance Records (Henslowe's Diary)
|wigginsNo=1048
|gregNo=II, p. 181, #95
}}
==Historical Records==


==Historical Records==
===Performance Records ===


===Performance Records (''Henslowe's Diary'')===
==== Playlists in Philip Henslowe's diary ====


<br>
<br>
'''F. 25<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n110/mode/1up Greg, I. 50])'''
Fol. 25<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n110/mode/1up Greg, I. 50])
<br>
<br>


:{| {{table}}
::{| {{table}}
| y<sup>e</sup> 4 of desembʒ 1596||ne ……….||R''es'' at valteger||……….||l<sup>s</sup>
| y<sup>e</sup> 4 of desembʒ 1596||ne ……….||R''es'' at valteger||……….||l<sup>s</sup>
|-
|-
Line 32: Line 40:
<br>
<br>


'''F. 26 ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n110/mode/2up Greg, I. 51])'''
Fol. 26 ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n110/mode/2up Greg, I. 51])
<br>
<br>
:Under the heading, "Jn the name of god amen begininge the 25 of novembʒ 1596 as foloweth the lord admerall players":
:Under the heading, "Jn the name of god amen begininge the 25 of novembʒ 1596 as foloweth the lord admerall players":
<br>
 
::{| {{table}}
::{| {{table}}
| ffebreary|||||||||||||||
| ffebreary|||||||||||||||
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| ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
|-
|-
|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||5|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||ne..||<span style="color: white">. . </span>||tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . |||||01|09|05-13-09
||| |||<nowiki>|5|</nowiki>||| ||ne..||||tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . |||||01|09|05-13-09
|-
|-
||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||
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| ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| ||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||12|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||||<span style="color: white">. . </span>|| tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . |||||00|18|09-01-04
| || |||<nowiki>|12|</nowiki>||| |||||| tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . |||||00|18|09-01-04
|-
|-
||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||
Line 61: Line 69:
| |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| Easter mvnday||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||28|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||||||||||||||
| Easter mvnday|| |||<nowiki>|28|</nowiki>||| ||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| twesday||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||29|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||||||||||||||
| twesday|| |||<nowiki>|29|</nowiki>||| ||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| wensday||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||30|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||||||||||||
| wensday|| |||<nowiki>|30|</nowiki>||| ||||||||||||
|-
|-
| m<sup>r</sup> pd||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||31|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||||||||||||||
| m<sup>r</sup> pd|||||<nowiki>|31|</nowiki>||| ||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| Aprelle 1597||||||||||||||||
| Aprelle 1597||||||||||||||||
|-
|-
| |||||2|||||||||tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . |||||00|04|01-01-00
| |||||<nowiki>|2|</nowiki>|||||||||tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . |||||00|04|01-01-00
|-
|-
|  
|  
|}
|}
<br><br>


===Payments for Apparel (''Henslowe's Diary'')===
=== Payments ===
[[category:Inventories]]
==== Miscellaneous expenses in Philip Henslowe's diary ====
<br>
<br>
'''F. 22<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n104/mode/1up Greg, I. 44]).'''
Fol. 22<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n104/mode/1up Greg, I. 44]).
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
:::lente vnto my lord admerall players at several
:::::{|
:::tymes in Redey money as foloweth 1596
|-
| lente vnto my lord admerall players at several
|-
| tymes in Redey money as foloweth 1596
|-
|}
<br>
 
:::{|
|-
| lent vnto Jeames donstall for to by thinges for the ||}
|-
| playe of valteger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .||} v<sup>li</sup>
|-
|}
:::{|
|-
| lent vnto marten slater to by coper lace & frenge for ||}
|-
| the playe of valteger the 2[9]8 of novemb''er'' 1596 . . . ||}xxxx<sup>s</sup>
|-
|}
:::{|
|-
| lent vnto marten slater the 29 of novemb''er'' 1596 to by for the play ||}
|-
| of valteger lace & other things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .||} xxv<sup>s</sup>
|-
|}
<br>
<br>
:lent vnto Jeames donstall for to by thinges for the
:playe of valteger …………… v<sup>li</sup>


:lent vnto marten slater to by coper lace & frenge for
:the playe of valteger the 2[9]8 of novemb''er'' 1596 ………… xxxx<sup>s</sup>


:lent vnto marten slater the 29 of novemb''er'' 1596 to by for the play
==== Purchase of the play from Edward Alleyn in Philip Henslowe's diary ====
:of valteger lace & other things ……… xxv<sup>s</sup>
<br>
<br>
Fol. 95 [http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n210/mode/2up (Greg, I. 151)]
<br>
<br>


===Payments to Playwrights (''Henslowe's Diary'')===
 
<br>
:::{|
'''F. 95 ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n210/mode/2up Greg, I. 151])'''
|-
<br><br>
| pd at the apoyntment of the company uvto||}
:Pd at the apoyntment of the company veto
|-
:my sonne E Alleyn for a Boocke called [m]vorti[m]ger
| my sonne E Alleyn for a Boocke called [m]vorti[m]ger ||} xxxx<sup>s</sup>
:the 20 of november <the> 1601 the some of ……… xxxx<sp>s</sup>
|-
| the 20 of november <the> 1601 the some of . . . . . . . . . . ||}
|-
|}
<br><br>
<br><br>


===Henslowe's Inventory===
=== Inventories ===
 
==== Philip Henslowe's papers in the Dulwich College Library ====
 
===== List of apparel =====
<br>
<br>
Under the heading, ''The Enventary of all the aparell for my '' Lord Admiralles men, ''taken the '' 10 ''of march 1598.— Leaft above in the tier-house in the cheast'' ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/116/mode/1up Greg, ''Papers'' 116]).
Under the heading, ''The Enventary of all the aparell for my '' Lord Admiralles men, ''taken the '' 10 ''of march 1598.— Leaft above in the tier-house in the cheast'' ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/116/mode/1up Greg, ''Papers'', APX. I, art. 1, p. 116, l. 51]).


::''Item'', j payer of hosse, & a gercken for Valteger.
::''Item'', j payer of hosse, & a gercken for Valteger.
<br><br>
<br>
Under the heading, ''The Enventorey of all the aparell of the '' Lord Admeralles men, ''taken the '' 13<sup>''th''</sup> ''of Marche '' 1598, ''as followeth:'' ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/118/mode/2up Greg, ''Papers'' 118-19])
Under the heading, ''The Enventorey of all the aparell of the '' Lord Admeralles men, ''taken the '' 13<sup>''th''</sup> ''of Marche '' 1598, ''as followeth:'' ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/118/mode/2up Greg, ''Papers'', APX. I, art. 1, p. 119, ll. 106, 121])


::''Item'', Vartemar sewtte.
::''Item'', Valteger robe of rich tafitie.
::''Item'', Valteger robe of rich tafitie.
<br><br>
<br><br>
Line 117: Line 160:
==Theatrical Provenance==
==Theatrical Provenance==
<br>
<br>
"Valteger" was performed by the Admiral's players at the Rose, 1596-7. It was given thirteen performances and returned receipts of 23s. to Henslowe on average.  If the play called "henges" by Henslowe is a fourteenth performance of "Valteger," the play returned an additional sum (impossible to calculate because of Henslowe's opaque accounting system in June 1597). The play was probably revived shortly after November 1601, at which time the company purchased the script from Edward Alleyn.
"Valteger" was performed by the Admiral's players at the Rose, 1596-7. It was given thirteen performances and returned receipts of 23s. to Henslowe on average.  If the play called "henges" by Henslowe is a fourteenth performance of "Valteger," the play returned an additional sum (additional sum uncertain because of Henslowe's opaque accounting system in June 1597). The play was probably revived at the Fortune shortly after November 1601, at which time the company purchased the script from Edward Alleyn.
[[image:artwhogroot.gif|link=http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artwho/artwho.htm|right|frame|<small>Image by Robert Vermaat, from Lambeth Palace Library MS6, folio 43<sup>v</sup> ([http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/artwho/artwho.htm Vortigern Studies])</small>]]
 
<br><br>
<br><br>


==Probable Genre(s)==
==Probable Genre(s)==
<br>
<br>
History (Harbage)
History ([[WorksCited|Harbage]])
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Line 128: Line 173:
==Possible Narrative and Dramatic Sources or Analogues==
==Possible Narrative and Dramatic Sources or Analogues==
<br>
<br>
The website, ''Vortigern Studies'', provides a substantial amount of information about Vortigern and his times ([http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/vortigernhomepage.htm Vermaat]).
The website, ''Vortigern Studies'' ([http://www.vortigernstudies.org.uk/vortigernhomepage.htm Vermaat]), provides a substantial amount of information about Vortigern and his times.
<br><br>
<br><br>


Line 138: Line 183:
==Critical Commentary==
==Critical Commentary==
<br>
<br>
[[WorksCited|'''Greg''']] considered "Vortigern" to be the "henges" on 22 June 1597, but he was dubious about its having a connection to the much later play, ''Hengist King of Kent'' by Thomas Middleton ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary02hensuoft#page/180/mode/2up II.181, Item 95]).
[[WorksCited|Malone]] makes no comment on Henslowe's "henges" on 22 June (p. 299). [[WorksCited|Collier]] notes the absence of "ne" and considers that it might be "an old play ... [with] a new name"; he suggests that name might be "Hengist" (p. 89, n. 1).
<br>
[[WorksCited|Fleay, ''BCED'']] linked the name, "Henges," to a much later play by Thomas Middleton, ''The Mayor of Quinborough'', which he suggests is "an alteration" of the Admiral's play; Fleay further makes the connection of "Henges" with "the "Vortiger" of 1596" (2.#43, p. 104).
<br>
[[WorksCited|Greg II]] considered "Vortigern" to be the "henges" on 22 June 1597, but he was dubious about its having a connection to the much later play, ''Hengist King of Kent'' by Thomas Middleton ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary02hensuoft#page/180/mode/2up #95, p. 181]).
<br><br>
<br><br>
'''Gurr''' sees no reason to connect "Vortigern" with Middleton's play "unless Middleton chose to rewrite this older play in about 1615 for the King's Men" (223n).
'''Gurr''' sees no reason to connect "Vortigern" with Middleton's play "unless Middleton chose to rewrite this older play in about 1615 for the King's Men" (223n).
Line 144: Line 193:
'''White''' considers "Vortigern" an "'Arthurian play' because Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, figures significantly in all versions of the title character's career" (151). White associates "Vortigern" with "[[Uther Pendragon]]" as a narrative and theatrical serial. In the story, Vortigern is vanquished by Uther Pendragon and his brother (Aurelius), who thus reclaim their father's throne. On stage, the plays are sequenced as follows: "Vortigern" retires on 2 May 1597, "[[Uther Pendragon]]" debuts on 29 May, and "Vortigern" reappears (as "henges") on 22 June, on the heels of Henslowe's last recorded performance of "[[Uther Pendragon]]" on 13 June.
'''White''' considers "Vortigern" an "'Arthurian play' because Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, figures significantly in all versions of the title character's career" (151). White associates "Vortigern" with "[[Uther Pendragon]]" as a narrative and theatrical serial. In the story, Vortigern is vanquished by Uther Pendragon and his brother (Aurelius), who thus reclaim their father's throne. On stage, the plays are sequenced as follows: "Vortigern" retires on 2 May 1597, "[[Uther Pendragon]]" debuts on 29 May, and "Vortigern" reappears (as "henges") on 22 June, on the heels of Henslowe's last recorded performance of "[[Uther Pendragon]]" on 13 June.
<br><br>
<br><br>
[[WorksCited|'''Wiggins, ''Catalogue''''']] explores the possibility that the "Fierdrackes sewtes for Dobe" ([https://archive.org/details/cu31924026119705/page/n131 '''Greg, ''Papers''''', Appx. I.i, 114]) were for "Vortigern" (#1048).
[[WorksCited|Wiggins, ''Catalogue'']] explores the possibility that the "Fierdrackes sewtes for Dobe" ([https://archive.org/details/cu31924026119705/page/n131 [[WorksCited|Greg, ''Papers'']], APX. I, art. 1, p. 114]) were for "Vortigern" (#1048).
<br><br>
<br><br>


==For What It's Worth==
==For What It's Worth==
<br>
<br>
The entry of "henges" (regularized to "Hengist" by Greg [2.180] and Foakes [341]) is taken to be yet another performance of "Vortigern." '''White''' agrees (152).
The entry of "henges," regularized to "Hengist" by [[WorksCited|Greg II]] (#109, p. 185) and Foakes (p. 341), is taken to be yet another performance of "Vortigern." '''White''' agrees (p. 152).


<br>
<br>


[http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n112/mode/2up '''F. 27 / Greg, 1. 53''']
Fol. 27  [http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowesdiary00unkngoog#page/n112/mode/2up (Greg, 1. 53)]
::{| {{table}}
<br><br>
 
::::{| {{table}}
| midsomer|||||||||||||||
| midsomer|||||||||||||||
|-
|-
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| ||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||
|-
|-
|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> |||22|||<span style="color: white">. . </span> ||<span style="color: white">. . </span>||tt at henges. . . . . . . . . . |||||00|06|00-11-06
||| |||<nowiki>|22|</nowiki>|||||tt at henges. . . . . . . . . . |||||00|06|00-11-06
|-
|-
|
|
Line 167: Line 218:
<br>
<br>


The item, "Vartemar sewtte," in Henslowe's inventory for 13 March 1598 has been read as "Valteger's suit" ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/118/mode/2up '''Greg, ''Papers'' 119''']), though it may simply refer to Vortigern's son Vortimer, who may well have had a role in the play.
The item, "Vartemar sewtte," in Henslowe's inventory for 13 March 1598 has been read as "Valteger's suit" ([http://www.archive.org/stream/henslowepapersbe00hensuoft#page/118/mode/2up [[WorksCited|Greg, ''Papers'']], APX. I, art.1, p. 119, l. 106]), though it may have belonged to Vortigern's son Vortimer, if he had a role in the play.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Line 180: Line 231:
Site created and maintained by [[Roslyn L. Knutson]], Professor Emerita, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; created 2 March 2013; updated, 6 December 2019.
Site created and maintained by [[Roslyn L. Knutson]], Professor Emerita, University of Arkansas at Little Rock; created 2 March 2013; updated, 6 December 2019.
[[category:all]][[category:Roslyn L. Knutson]][[category:Henslowe's records]][[category:English history]][[category:Plays]][[category:Update]][[category:Admiral's]]
[[category:all]][[category:Roslyn L. Knutson]][[category:Henslowe's records]][[category:English history]][[category:Plays]][[category:Update]][[category:Admiral's]]
[[category:Rose]][[category:Fortune]][[category:Costumes]]

Revision as of 16:51, 15 August 2022

Anon. Play Titles A (1596)Property "Paratext" (as page type) with input value "{{{paratexts}}}" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.Property "Contributor" (as page type) with input value "{{{contributors}}}" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.Property "Partnering Institution" (as page type) with input value "{{{partneringInstitutions}}}" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

Historical Records

Performance Records

Playlists in Philip Henslowe's diary


Fol. 25v (Greg, I. 50)

ye 4 of desembʒ 1596 ne ………. Res at valteger ………. ls
ye 8 of desembʒ 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xxxvs
ye 16 of desembʒ 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xxxvs
ye 21 of desembʒ 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xxvs
ye 24 of desembʒ 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xijs
ye 3[0]9 of desembʒ 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xxijs
ye 1 of Jenewary 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xxxxvs
ye [7]8 of Janewary 1596 ………. Res at valteger ………. xijs
ye 21 of Janewary 1597 ………. Res at valteger ………. xijss


Fol. 26 (Greg, I. 51)

Under the heading, "Jn the name of god amen begininge the 25 of novembʒ 1596 as foloweth the lord admerall players":
ffebreary
1597
|5| ne.. tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . 01|09|05-13-09
begynyng in leant
march 1597
|12| tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . . 00|18|09-01-04
Easter mvnday |28|
twesday |29|
wensday |30|
mr pd |31|
Aprelle 1597
|2| tt at valteger. . . . . . . . . 00|04|01-01-00



Payments

Miscellaneous expenses in Philip Henslowe's diary


Fol. 22v (Greg, I. 44).

lente vnto my lord admerall players at several
tymes in Redey money as foloweth 1596


lent vnto Jeames donstall for to by thinges for the }
playe of valteger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . } vli
lent vnto marten slater to by coper lace & frenge for }
the playe of valteger the 2[9]8 of november 1596 . . . }xxxxs
lent vnto marten slater the 29 of november 1596 to by for the play }
of valteger lace & other things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . } xxvs



Purchase of the play from Edward Alleyn in Philip Henslowe's diary


Fol. 95 (Greg, I. 151)


pd at the apoyntment of the company uvto }
my sonne E Alleyn for a Boocke called [m]vorti[m]ger } xxxxs
the 20 of november <the> 1601 the some of . . . . . . . . . . }



Inventories

Philip Henslowe's papers in the Dulwich College Library

List of apparel


Under the heading, The Enventary of all the aparell for my Lord Admiralles men, taken the 10 of march 1598.— Leaft above in the tier-house in the cheast (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 116, l. 51).

Item, j payer of hosse, & a gercken for Valteger.


Under the heading, The Enventorey of all the aparell of the Lord Admeralles men, taken the 13th of Marche 1598, as followeth: (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 119, ll. 106, 121)

Item, Vartemar sewtte.
Item, Valteger robe of rich tafitie.



Theatrical Provenance


"Valteger" was performed by the Admiral's players at the Rose, 1596-7. It was given thirteen performances and returned receipts of 23s. to Henslowe on average. If the play called "henges" by Henslowe is a fourteenth performance of "Valteger," the play returned an additional sum (additional sum uncertain because of Henslowe's opaque accounting system in June 1597). The play was probably revived at the Fortune shortly after November 1601, at which time the company purchased the script from Edward Alleyn.

Image by Robert Vermaat, from Lambeth Palace Library MS6, folio 43v (Vortigern Studies)



Probable Genre(s)


History (Harbage)

Possible Narrative and Dramatic Sources or Analogues


The website, Vortigern Studies (Vermaat), provides a substantial amount of information about Vortigern and his times.

References to the Play


Information welcome.

Critical Commentary


Malone makes no comment on Henslowe's "henges" on 22 June (p. 299). Collier notes the absence of "ne" and considers that it might be "an old play ... [with] a new name"; he suggests that name might be "Hengist" (p. 89, n. 1).
Fleay, BCED linked the name, "Henges," to a much later play by Thomas Middleton, The Mayor of Quinborough, which he suggests is "an alteration" of the Admiral's play; Fleay further makes the connection of "Henges" with "the "Vortiger" of 1596" (2.#43, p. 104).
Greg II considered "Vortigern" to be the "henges" on 22 June 1597, but he was dubious about its having a connection to the much later play, Hengist King of Kent by Thomas Middleton (#95, p. 181).

Gurr sees no reason to connect "Vortigern" with Middleton's play "unless Middleton chose to rewrite this older play in about 1615 for the King's Men" (223n).

White considers "Vortigern" an "'Arthurian play' because Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, figures significantly in all versions of the title character's career" (151). White associates "Vortigern" with "Uther Pendragon" as a narrative and theatrical serial. In the story, Vortigern is vanquished by Uther Pendragon and his brother (Aurelius), who thus reclaim their father's throne. On stage, the plays are sequenced as follows: "Vortigern" retires on 2 May 1597, "Uther Pendragon" debuts on 29 May, and "Vortigern" reappears (as "henges") on 22 June, on the heels of Henslowe's last recorded performance of "Uther Pendragon" on 13 June.

Wiggins, Catalogue explores the possibility that the "Fierdrackes sewtes for Dobe" (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art. 1, p. 114) were for "Vortigern" (#1048).

For What It's Worth


The entry of "henges," regularized to "Hengist" by Greg II (#109, p. 185) and Foakes (p. 341), is taken to be yet another performance of "Vortigern." White agrees (p. 152).


Fol. 27 (Greg, 1. 53)

midsomer
daye
|22| tt at henges. . . . . . . . . . 00|06|00-11-06


The item, "Vartemar sewtte," in Henslowe's inventory for 13 March 1598 has been read as "Valteger's suit" (Greg, Papers, APX. I, art.1, p. 119, l. 106), though it may have belonged to Vortigern's son Vortimer, if he had a role in the play.

Works Cited


Gurr, Andrew. Shakespeare’s Opposites: The Admiral’s Company 1594-1625. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Vermat, Robert, Webmaster. Vortigern Studies (Web)
White, Paul Whitfield. "The Admiral's Lost Arthurian Plays," in David McInnis and Matthew Steggle, ed. Lost Plays in Shakespeare's England. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014. 148-62.



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